Lake Malawi National Park Essay

The point of maintainable the travel industry is to guarantee that improvement is a constructive encounter for nearby individuals; the travel industry organizations; and vacationers themselves. 3 Ecotourism that attention on untamed life and nature began in malawi in1980. Some exploration shows that such the travel industry may not in actuality advantage these communitiesâ€as it may prompt them getting reliant on the visitor economy, without creating aptitudes that would permit them adaptability in the economy and be to a greater degree a drawn out assurance. Be that as it may, regardless of this idealistic target, reasonable the travel industry is as yet not broadly comprehended. For a beginning, ‘sustainable tourism’ isn't really ‘ecotourism’. Dave N. et al(1988) , be that as it may, has demonstrated that such the travel industry may not really be useful for condition, or for the individuals who experience this consideration. Safaris in Kenya, for instance, are without a doubt ‘ecotourism’. Be that as it may, Kenya is loaded with situations where lions have been constrained into unpredictable conduct due to unreasonable visitors, or where the nearby Masai individuals have neglected to profit by this sort of advancement. All the more significantly, ‘ecotourism’ doesn't include more standard sea shore or city-based the travel industry, where effects are a lot more noteworthy than any nature-based the travel industry. Economical the travel industry, hence, is an endeavor to improve the effects of a wide range of the travel industry, and this 3 Twan H. (1999),Tourism in creating nations. p. p-125 1 Literature Review 2 infers looking for approaches to manufacture associations between the travel industry organizations and neighborhood governments or directors of resorts. 4 Ecotourism a type of the travel industry that centers only around untamed life, nature, or â€Å"exotic† societies. Some contend that it is ecological tourism5. Reasonable improvement is an advancement that addresses the issues of the present without bargaining the capacity of people in the future to address their own issues. The idea â€Å"quality of life† incorporates everything that impacts the circumstance wherein individuals live. Henceforth, it incorporates significantly more than material utilization. It is planned to catch the significance of wellbeing, culture, and nature. there are two significant limitations, however †quality of life† doesn? t incorporate the government assistance that individuals get from their from the youngsters? s utilizations . moreover, just natures instrumental value(ie, esteem in its own privilege paying little mind to human experience); an obscure term used to advertise anything identified with nature or 4 David N. et al. 1988)

Maths Free Essays

GCSE Mathematics Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes For first instructing from September 2010 For first assessment in Summer 2011 For first honor in Summer 2012 Subject Code: 2210 Foreword The granting bodies have arranged new particulars to consent to updated GCSE models. The example assessment papers going with new determinations are given to give fixates direction on the structure and character of the arranged assessments ahead of time of the principal assessment. It is planned that the example papers and imprint plans contained in this booklet will support educators and understudies to comprehend, as completely as could be expected under the circumstances, the markers’ desires for candidates’ reactions to the sorts of inquiries set at GCSE level. We will compose a custom exposition test on Maths or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now These example papers and imprint plans ought to be utilized related to CCEA’s GCSE Mathematics determination. GCSE Mathematics Specimen Papers and Mark Schemes Contents Specimen Papers Unit T1 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Unit T2 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Unit T3 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T4 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 1 Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 2 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 1 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 2 1 3 23 43 63 83 93 107 121 Mark Schemes General Marking Instructions Unit T1 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Unit T2 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Unit T3 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T4 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 1 Unit T5 Mathematics (Foundation Tier) Paper 2 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 1 Unit T6 Mathematics (Higher Tier) Paper 2 133 135 137 143 149 157 163 167 171 175 Subject Code QAN 2210 500/7925/6 A CCEA Publication  © 2010 You may download further duplicates of this distribution from www. ccea. organization. uk SPECIMEN PAPERS DIVIDER PAPER FRONT 1 SPECIMEN PAPERS DIVIDER PAPER BACK 2 Center Number 71 Candidate Number General Certificate of Secondary Education 2011 Mathematics For Examiner’s utilize just Question Marks Number Unit T1 (With adding machine) Foundation Tier [CODE] SPECIMEN EXAMINATION PAPER TIME 1 hour 30 minutes INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your Center Number and Candidate Number in the spaces gave at the highest point of this page. Compose your answers in the spaces gave in this inquiry paper. Answer each of the twenty five inquiries. Any working ought to be unmistakably appeared in the spaces gave since imprints might be granted for mostly right arrangements. You may utilize a number cruncher for this paper. Data FOR CANDIDATES The absolute imprint for this paper is 100. Figures in sections printed down the right-hand side of pages show the imprints granted to each address or part question. Practical components will be surveyed in this paper. Nature of composed correspondence will be evaluated in questions 6 and 23. You ought to have a mini-computer, ruler, compasses and a protractor. The recipe sheet is overleaf. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Total Marks 3 Foundation Tier Formulae Sheet Area of trapezium = 1 (a + b)h 2 Volume of crystal = territory of cross segment ? length 4 Answer all inquiries 1 (a) Write 80% as a decimal Answer _____________ [1] Answer ___________ % [1] Answer_____________________ [1] Answer_____________ [1] Answer_____________ [1] (b) Write 0. 35 as a rate (c) Write 48 million in figures (d) 5729 individuals went to a football coordinate. Compose the number 5729 to (I) the closest 10 (ii) the closest 100 2 (a) Locate the following 2 terms in the succession and clarify the standard you utilized: 6, 11, 16, 21, _____, ______ Rule _________________________________________________ [3] (b) Find the following term in the grouping 0. 2, 0. 4, 0. 8, 1. 6, _______ [1] 5 3 The graph shows a tiled porch looking like a square shape 3 by 16, secured with 48 square tiles. Record the length and width of 2 other potential square shapes which can be secured with 48 of these square tiles. Answer__________ by__________ __________ by__________ 4 [1] Michael recorded the shades of vehicles in the school vehicle leave in a count diagram. Shading Count Frequency Red |||| 4 Blue || 2 Yellow ||| Black |||| || White |||| Silver |||| Green |||| (a) Complete the recurrence segment. [1] (b) On the matrix inverse, attract a recurrence chart to show this data. [3] 6 (c) What is the most mainstream shade of vehicle in the vehicle leave? Answer_________________ (d) [1] Using the recurrence table, record the division of the all out vehicles which are yellow. Answer_________________ 7 [1] 5 (an) (I) Shade the significant section in the hover beneath [1] (ii) (b) PQ is known as a _________________ of the circle. (I) Shade the minor area in the hover underneath. 1] [1] (ii) OS is known as a _______________ of the circle. 8 [1] 6 The table underneath shows the level of students at a High School who got an evaluation C or better in GCSE Mathematics during the previous five years. Year % of understudies (a) 2004 75 2005 78 2006 82 2007 84 2008 90 Which year indicated the littlest improvement? Answer______________ (b) [1] Your nature of compos ed correspondence will be evaluated in this inquiry The school needs to show this data utilizing a factual graph. Which kind of graph would you use? Answer__________________________ [1] Give an explanation behind your answer. _______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 7 [2] Here is a rundown of numbers 25 27 32 35 8 21 9 (a) From the rundown record those numbers which are (I) products of 5 Answer____________ (ii) [1] Answer____________ [1] components of 54 9 (b) From the rundown of numbers (I) figure the mean Answer_____________ (ii) 8 [2] locate the middle In a mid season deal a garments shop has 20% off the entirety of its things. Clare purchased a dress which initially cost ? 50 and a cap which initially cost ? 25 (a) What amount did she spare in the deal? Answer ? _____________ Answer ? _____________ (b) 9 [2] [1] Answer_____________ [2] What was her complete bill? Improve 5p ? 2r ? 3p + 5r 10 (a) Jo purchased 6 roses at 67p each. What change did she get from a ? 5 note? Answer ? _____________ (b) Five kilograms of potatoes and two kilograms of onions cost ? 4. 10 altogether. The potatoes cost 62p per kilogram. What amount would it cost altogether to get one kilogram of potatoes and one kilogram of onions? Answer ? _____________ 11 [2] [4] The block appeared beneath is as a cuboid, estimating 6. 4 meters by 3. meters by 2. 6 meters. Figure the volume of the block. Answer_____________ 11 [3] 12 Calculate (a) the square base of 1. 44 Answer_____________ (e) 13 [2] Answer_____________ (d) [1] Answer_____________ (c) [1] Answer_____________ (b) [1] [2] the block of 2. 8 2. 32 ? 1. 69 3 of 125 5. 62 ? 3. 4 The table beneath gives the most extreme and least temperatures of six distinct urban areas in E urope in March. City Belfast Minimum 2â ° C Dublin ?1â ° C 9â ° C London 4â ° C 16â ° C Edinburgh 0â ° C 11â ° C Barcelona 10â ° C 19â ° C 8â ° C 20â ° C Paris (a) Maximum 10â ° C Which least temperature was the most reduced? Answer____________________â ° C 12 [1] (b) In two of these urban communities the temperatures had expanded from least to greatest by 12â ° C. Record the names of these two urban areas. Answer____________________ and ____________________ [2] What is the distinction in least temperature among Dublin and Paris? (c) Answer_____________â ° C 14 [1] Answer_______________ [1] Answer_____________ % [1] Answer_____________ % [1] Results of a Year 12 Physics test 9 8 7 6 5 4 2 0 2 7 4 6 Key 5 4 (a) 5 1 5 8 6 7 6 8 9 7 9 8 9 methods 54% what number understudies sat the Physics test? (b) What is the modular rate mark? c) What is the scope of rate marks? 13 15 The chart shows the arrangement for a rectangular nursery. Compute (a) the region of the nursery Answer____________m2 [2] Answer____________m2 [2] (b) the territory of the plot for the trees An outskirt should be burrowed around the edge of the nursery. (c) Calculate the edge of the nursery. Answer____________m 14 [2] 16 The outline show s a pizza which has been partitioned into 8 equivalent parts. The concealed parts are eaten. (a) Write down, as a part in its most reduced terms, the portion that is eaten. Answer_____________ Answer___________ % (b) 17 [2] [1] What rate is left uneaten? Which parts from the rundown given underneath are not comparable to 2 ? 3 8 10 16 4 12 , ,, 12 15 28 6 16 Answer_____________ 15 [2] 18 In a review 300 men were asked which sport they preferred best. The pie-graph beneath shows the outcomes. (a) Measure the edge which speaks to Basketball. Answer_____________? (b) [1] What portion of men picked Rugby as their preferred game? Answer_____________ (c) [1] Answer_____________ [2] what number men picked Hurling as their preferred game? 16 19 (an) Expand 3(x + 1) Answer______________ [2] Answer_____________ [2] (b) Solve 2y + 3 = 19 0 In the outline the point P (? 4, 4) has been plotted. (a) Plot the accompanying focuses on the outline, naming unmistakably Q (? 2, ? 3), R (5, ? 3) and S (3, 4) [3] (b) Join up the focuses all together and name the quadrilateral framed. Answer____________________ 17 [1] 21 (Diagram not drawn precisely) Calculate (a) x = ___________? [1] y = ___________? [1] (b) y 22 Draw the net of the matchbox plate (no top) appeared in the outline, which has base 5cm by 3cm and stature 2cm, on the square lattice gave. [3] 18 23 Your nature of composed correspondence will be evaluated in this inquiry Fred has recently won ? 00. 1 of it to his child, James. He has guaranteed of it to his little girl, Kathy and 5 4 How much will he have left after he gives Kathy and James their offers? Show unmistakably each progression of your working out. Answer ? _____________ 19 [4] 24 The places of two towns An and B are appeared on the matrix. (an) A third town C is 3km east and 2km north of A. Utilizing a size of 1cm = 0. 5km, s

My Skills and Talents Essay Example for Free

My Skills and Talents Essay Tuning in to counsel from others will have a significant impact as it assists with getting an outside perspective. It could spare me from settling on choices which may not be to the greatest advantage of my business, just as permitting me to utilize the counsel I have been given to enhance any issues I may have or approaches to bring more clients. If I somehow happened to adhere to my own thoughts all the time at that point and line them through I could wind up with a major misfortune if something turns out badly. Being enticing is significant in a business as it would permit me to persuade individuals so purchase/sell certain things. I may feel I am paying a lot for my stock all things considered I can attempt to persuade my provider to give me a superior arrangement conceivably permitting me to purchase more. Being powerful my additionally help if there is any fruition and I can attempt to discover what their strategy is and afterward figure out how to pull in more clients then them. One approach to this is to be benevolent and to simply truly attempt to get the data you are searching for or persuade individuals to give me what I am searching for. I should be quite sick before I go on vacation. No This can be sure or negative, on the off chance that I am not feeling very well I can not fill in as hard as I ordinarily would or I could bring on additional issues for my self if the sickness doesn't leave. Then again getting some much needed rest work each time I feel somewhat wiped out will wind up causing a bigger outstanding burden for my arrival and lost deals for that day. I should make a point to possibly get some much needed rest work when it is 100% vital to abstain from expanding my remaining task at hand for the day wherein I return back to work. I will be taking a gander at all of my aptitudes and abilities which I could use to influence my business. This will permit me to see the issues and points of interest every one of them will cause to my future business, after this I will at that point take a gander at circumstances wherein they can be utilized to help me with my business and for answers for the issues that they may cause. This ability can help me with my business as you figure out how to coexist with others and how to fill in as a group, as playing copies requires awesome correspondence in this specific game. This can help me in my business as I probably am aware how to function with others and speak with them, it will permit me to ideally get alone with my workers and speak with them, it likewise considers an organization group for instance which would help construct a bond among me and my representatives. On the opposite side it could have negative effects on me and my business since I may invest an excessive amount of energy concentrated on playing or organize to go play a game when I ought to focus on work that I need to do, accordingly it might prompt work being done late or not up to a specific norm. It might likewise make me be drained while going into work on the off chance that I went to play a game late in the night so during that day I wont be as engaged as would be expected and it will make my work endure. To evade these issues I ought to consistently ensure that my work is done before I choose to make time recreational initiates and to ensure I get the opportunity to rest at a specific time regular in order to abstain from being worn out during work. Great information on Microsoft Office programs. This a significant ability as it is expected to maintain a business, realizing how to utilize projects such and word, exceed expectations, PowerPoint are expected to cause introductions to send letters and box accounts. I can likewise show my representatives how to utilize these projects so I can appoint work onto them on the off chance that I believe I have an excess of work to do. The negative side to this is on the off chance that I show another of my representatives these aptitudes and them leave them with work that should be done they may run into troubles in this way bringing about work not being done appropriately or being done late, it likewise sets aside a ton of effort to instruct somebody full utilization of these projects time of which I might not have enough of. To ensure I don't go over these issues I should ensure I just give my representatives work which I realize they can complete in time and appropriately, and I ought to likewise ensure I have the opportunity to show them how to do new things with these projects as in some cases it might simply be quicker on the off chance that I take care of business myself and agent something realize they can do upon them as this will give them an awareness of other's expectations and perhaps spur them to learn different abilities all alone. I like to stay up with the latest with new innovation. This is a preferred position as realizing the new innovation out there is significant for the business to make due, as a large portion of them time it permits the business to accomplish more prominent economies of scale and become progressively productive. They additionally might have the option to do certain undertakings which thusly will permit me to set aside cash by supplanting representatives whose employments these new machines dominate. The drawback there is the danger of these now advances don't turn out true to form or there are issues with them which can't be fathomed effectively in this way bringing about an enormous misfortune for my business. To ensure these issues happen I can investigate new hardware to ensure no issues can happen that could prompt issues for me and my business. I appreciate talking and meeting with new individuals. These significant as I should deal with clients, it will likewise help me speaking with my representatives old and new as this is expected to complete work and can help with getting new thought for my business which could permit me to improve. The drawback is a few people may discover I go over to solid and this may drive them away or not have any desire to talk by any stretch of the imagination. To evade this I should ensure that I know when somebody is eager to be happy to talk and when they rather be left to themselves and not be disturbed by others.

Global Business Essay - 1650 Words

Global Business (Essay Sample) Content: Global BusinessNameCourseDateIntroductionGlobalization have contributed to major cultural, ethnic and gender diversity and its for these cases that has led management to pay extra attentions for the effectiveness of businesses. Cultural diversity amongst world population is discussed here to show how it has impacted businesses in different regions of the world. Global business operations are influenced by factors such as marketing, pricing, religion and culture, promotion, laws and regulation, environmental factors. These factors are being employed to attain competitive advantages needed in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s businesses environments amongst different products in different regions. Cultural diversity through business operations hence, seeks to provide ways that can address innovations and creativity, development of marketing strategies, problems solving ideas, costs and human resource management (Van Looy, 2014). The main cultural factors that shapes how humanity will r elate to a given product include; geographical backgrounds, age, and language, physical appearance, marital status, political backgrounds, ethnic, educational levels, gender, economic status and religious.A society composed of mixed multicultural groups of individuals is likely to shape social-economic and cultural statuses of a given society (Read, 2004). For example, United States of America is a country composed of people from different backgrounds, states, cultures and history. Therefore, many businesses amongst people living in USA are influenced cultural differences amongst large population from different regions in the world and hence the overall economic status in USA.Overview of the BusinessLaxson Farm Food Inc in a food processing and packaging company in United Stated that have been in operation since 1999. Laxson Farm Food Inc have continued to enjoy massive business opportunities across major States in USA due to improved marketing strategies, Management, communicatio n and customers relations. The diversity of different customers originating from Asia and spread across the USA has forced the management to expand this food processing company in United Arab Emirates. U.A.E is amongst many Middle East Countries that is located at a strategic business hub in the world (Read, 2004). U.A.E have in recent years enjoyed expansible business, social, economic and cultural growth because many people traveling across the world have to travel through U.A.E. Businesses are therefore expanding and performing at best possible profits in U.A.E due to cultural diversity amongst world populations who converge here. For this reason Laxson Farm Food Inc is expected to enjoy a ready business opportunity in the middle-east.MARKETING MIXLaxson Farm Food Inc is concerned in the food processing operation that include; Meat, Sausages, Barbacoa and these products are either packed or delivered raw on demand. Marketing strategy takes in consideration the entire marketing en vironment and the impacts it imposes on the businesses, products and services offered. The strategy also helps in the understanding of the marketing environment, accurately knowing the competitors and the consumers. A marketing strategy tackles the long term view of the products in the market and the resources in the firm, or the required to allocate in order to promote the efforts to achieve the objectives (Mayrhofer, 2004).Laxson Farm Food Inc is marketing its products, that include favorable mix created and the mix contains four entities that define the right mix, these are product, required time, right price and the promotion. The businesses products must contain the right features and include the right price to favor the consumers, right position and the right time through making sure that the products arrive in good time when required and lastly the target group must be aware of the availability of the product by means of promotions. 1 PricingSuccess of Laxson Farm Food Inc wi ll consider increasing its product prices while in UAE. This is due to influences such as regulations, local taxes, transport and self-esteem. The cost and the benefits analysis are a systematic approach that aims at estimating strengths and weaknesses in the alternatives that support the transactions, functional requirements and activities in Laxson Farm Food Inc in U.A.E. The technique determines the options are providing the best approach to the option of practices in the terms of marketing purposes. The comparison mostly lies on the cost since the cost maneuvers and controls the realizations of benefits in certain marketing practice by any organization. Costs and benefits are diverse in the analysis. However, the financial costs are thoroughly represented in the analysis of the costs and benefits because of the relatively available market data.The benefits of the marketing food products incorporate the costs from the savings collected from the marketing of the products. From a d ifferent perspective, the costs involve all the consumptions involved right from the production to the marketing of the products whereas the benefits are what the sold products give in return as the profits. In marketing, the benefits realized must exceed the costs used in order to enhance the development of the organization by the achievement of the objectives (Keegan Green, 2013). It enhances the calculation of the net cost in accordance to the benefits associated with the total sales of the product. However, this comparison sets the organization on different options to the actions to take in order to make the laid down objectives successful.A comparison on the costs and the benefits when marketing a product make the evaluation of the impact of the total sales in a quantifiable and monetized manner. The evaluation takes a sum of the total costs of the product and compares it against the total benefits realized at the end of the sales. The comparison on the costs and the benefits aims at making the business is aware of the factors to consider that influence the strategic marketing. The decisions made basing on the evaluation of the costs and the benefits that a product yields a very profitable outcome that promotes the achievement of the objectives. Costs and the benefits that occur in the future are less weighted in the cost-benefit analysis as compared to the current market statuses in the Middle-east. 2 Social-Cultural IssuesIn the U.S.A, Laxson Farm Food Inc have been successful due to the embracing of the American culture by people migrating from different regions in the world. Therefore, it had been possible to communicate market or price depending on normal business environments affecting a given State. Business expansion in UAE is expected to undergo different barriers that include; communication, Laws and regulations, environmental influences, social-cultural factors that will shape the future of the business (Al-Shamali Denton, 2000). 1 Communica tionCommunication involves exchange on informationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s, ideas or data through selected mode of communication that include transportation of products over rail, roads or air, face-to-face communication and transmission of business data through wired networks. Effec... Global Business Essay - 1650 Words Global Business (Essay Sample) Content: Global BusinessNameCourseDateIntroductionGlobalization have contributed to major cultural, ethnic and gender diversity and its for these cases that has led management to pay extra attentions for the effectiveness of businesses. Cultural diversity amongst world population is discussed here to show how it has impacted businesses in different regions of the world. Global business operations are influenced by factors such as marketing, pricing, religion and culture, promotion, laws and regulation, environmental factors. These factors are being employed to attain competitive advantages needed in todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s businesses environments amongst different products in different regions. Cultural diversity through business operations hence, seeks to provide ways that can address innovations and creativity, development of marketing strategies, problems solving ideas, costs and human resource management (Van Looy, 2014). The main cultural factors that shapes how humanity will r elate to a given product include; geographical backgrounds, age, and language, physical appearance, marital status, political backgrounds, ethnic, educational levels, gender, economic status and religious.A society composed of mixed multicultural groups of individuals is likely to shape social-economic and cultural statuses of a given society (Read, 2004). For example, United States of America is a country composed of people from different backgrounds, states, cultures and history. Therefore, many businesses amongst people living in USA are influenced cultural differences amongst large population from different regions in the world and hence the overall economic status in USA.Overview of the BusinessLaxson Farm Food Inc in a food processing and packaging company in United Stated that have been in operation since 1999. Laxson Farm Food Inc have continued to enjoy massive business opportunities across major States in USA due to improved marketing strategies, Management, communicatio n and customers relations. The diversity of different customers originating from Asia and spread across the USA has forced the management to expand this food processing company in United Arab Emirates. U.A.E is amongst many Middle East Countries that is located at a strategic business hub in the world (Read, 2004). U.A.E have in recent years enjoyed expansible business, social, economic and cultural growth because many people traveling across the world have to travel through U.A.E. Businesses are therefore expanding and performing at best possible profits in U.A.E due to cultural diversity amongst world populations who converge here. For this reason Laxson Farm Food Inc is expected to enjoy a ready business opportunity in the middle-east.MARKETING MIXLaxson Farm Food Inc is concerned in the food processing operation that include; Meat, Sausages, Barbacoa and these products are either packed or delivered raw on demand. Marketing strategy takes in consideration the entire marketing en vironment and the impacts it imposes on the businesses, products and services offered. The strategy also helps in the understanding of the marketing environment, accurately knowing the competitors and the consumers. A marketing strategy tackles the long term view of the products in the market and the resources in the firm, or the required to allocate in order to promote the efforts to achieve the objectives (Mayrhofer, 2004).Laxson Farm Food Inc is marketing its products, that include favorable mix created and the mix contains four entities that define the right mix, these are product, required time, right price and the promotion. The businesses products must contain the right features and include the right price to favor the consumers, right position and the right time through making sure that the products arrive in good time when required and lastly the target group must be aware of the availability of the product by means of promotions. 1 PricingSuccess of Laxson Farm Food Inc wi ll consider increasing its product prices while in UAE. This is due to influences such as regulations, local taxes, transport and self-esteem. The cost and the benefits analysis are a systematic approach that aims at estimating strengths and weaknesses in the alternatives that support the transactions, functional requirements and activities in Laxson Farm Food Inc in U.A.E. The technique determines the options are providing the best approach to the option of practices in the terms of marketing purposes. The comparison mostly lies on the cost since the cost maneuvers and controls the realizations of benefits in certain marketing practice by any organization. Costs and benefits are diverse in the analysis. However, the financial costs are thoroughly represented in the analysis of the costs and benefits because of the relatively available market data.The benefits of the marketing food products incorporate the costs from the savings collected from the marketing of the products. From a d ifferent perspective, the costs involve all the consumptions involved right from the production to the marketing of the products whereas the benefits are what the sold products give in return as the profits. In marketing, the benefits realized must exceed the costs used in order to enhance the development of the organization by the achievement of the objectives (Keegan Green, 2013). It enhances the calculation of the net cost in accordance to the benefits associated with the total sales of the product. However, this comparison sets the organization on different options to the actions to take in order to make the laid down objectives successful.A comparison on the costs and the benefits when marketing a product make the evaluation of the impact of the total sales in a quantifiable and monetized manner. The evaluation takes a sum of the total costs of the product and compares it against the total benefits realized at the end of the sales. The comparison on the costs and the benefits aims at making the business is aware of the factors to consider that influence the strategic marketing. The decisions made basing on the evaluation of the costs and the benefits that a product yields a very profitable outcome that promotes the achievement of the objectives. Costs and the benefits that occur in the future are less weighted in the cost-benefit analysis as compared to the current market statuses in the Middle-east. 2 Social-Cultural IssuesIn the U.S.A, Laxson Farm Food Inc have been successful due to the embracing of the American culture by people migrating from different regions in the world. Therefore, it had been possible to communicate market or price depending on normal business environments affecting a given State. Business expansion in UAE is expected to undergo different barriers that include; communication, Laws and regulations, environmental influences, social-cultural factors that will shape the future of the business (Al-Shamali Denton, 2000). 1 Communica tionCommunication involves exchange on informationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s, ideas or data through selected mode of communication that include transportation of products over rail, roads or air, face-to-face communication and transmission of business data through wired networks. Effec...

Schizophrenia And Its Effects On The Brain - 866 Words

Schizophrenia is a mental psychotic disorder that diminishes the ability to distinguish reality from fantasy. Schizophrenia ranges from Type I, which are positive symptoms caused by an excess of functions to Type II, which are negative symptoms caused by a loss of functions within the brain. Subtypes range from Paranoid to Disorganized schizophrenia. A wide variety of factors can provoke anyone of these variations of schizophrenia, such as genes, an imbalance of chemicals in the brain, the death of a loved one, or even stress. Symptoms of Type I Paranoid Schizophrenia include delusions and auditory hallucinations, which revolve around them. According to 21st Century Psychology, Anger, detachment, anxiety, argumentativeness, and a patronizing tone accompany paranoid schizophrenia (302). The prince also has symptoms that complement paranoid schizophrenia, such as disorganized speech, thinking and behavior. In Hamlet s case, grief caused by the death of his father provokes stress-induce d Type I Paranoid Schizophrenia. The grief Hamlet experiences leads to a buildup of stress, and eventually to a stress-induced hallucination. Hamlet idealizes King Hamlet as a strong commanding leader and loving father. The very death of the King leaves Hamlet stricken with grief and without anyone to view idealistically. This grief results in Hamlet thinking nobody can understand what he is going through. Hamlet describes the extent of his depression: But I have that within which passethShow MoreRelated The Effects of Schizophrenia on the Brain Essay901 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Schizophrenia on the Brain Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness that affects one to two percent of people worldwide. The disorder can develop as early as the age of five, though it is very rare at such an early age. 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The disease affects approximately 1 in 100 people and there are thought to be overRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Antipsychotic Medication1497 Words   |  6 Pages Because schizophrenia manifests itself as a blend of a thought disorder, a mood disorder, and an anxiety disorder, a mixture of antipsychotic, antidepressant, and antianxiety medication is used to treat it. One main type of antipsychotic medication is traditional, such as chlorpromazine, haloperidol, and fluphenazine. These medications have been present since the 1950 s, and they are most effective for treating positive sympto ms because they block the dopamine receptors. 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Criminal Justice Field free essay sample

There are countless numbers of jobs to choose from, but I am fascinated with becoming a Drug Enforcement agent. The United States drug enforcement administration was created to enforce the laws and regulations concerning improper use of substances in our country. The skills and abilities in order to withhold such a position within our country require a ton of responsibility. Not only does a person need to acquire a great sense of investigative skills, but they must also be prepared to deal with major violators of controlled substance laws. The hardest part about being a drug enforcement agent is having to deal with drug gangs and criminals whom are extremely dangerous and intimidating. There are personal reasons as to why becoming a drug enforcement agent is important to me. I have seen people close to me become consumed by drug and have seen them lose complete control of their lives and reality itself. We will write a custom essay sample on Criminal Justice Field or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The idea of pursuing a career that can help stop, or rather lessen the amount of drug consumption and violence on the streets makes me want to help my community out, since I couldn’t really help people that were close to me once. The idea of diminishing a portion of society’s malice by implementing my knowledge and skill of a drug enforcement practitioner thrills me. Although becoming a  DEA has always been my focus, as I continue my education on criminal justice, I can at any moment have a change of heart. The reason being, there are countless numbers of criminal justice jobs to choose from. My other passion is becoming a Juvenile Probation officer. A juvenile delinquent counselors role consists of advising young teens that have committed criminal offenses and to deter them from becoming repeat  offenders. In order to be a successful counselor, a person must be willing to be extremely patient. As well as have a strong understanding of the  backgrounds in which each adolescent has come from. I try very hard to understand why juvenile delinquents do what they do. It is difficult to be a saint  at such a range of young ages, but it is simple to learn right from wrong. I am very willing and extremely aware of certain situations that force juveniles to  choose wrong instead of right. In many cases, these adolescents just need someone to guide them and point them in the right direction. I feel like this  would also be a job in the criminal justice field that I can certainly succeed in. I have set myself up with personal and professional goals in order to succeed. Not only am I determined to complete my associate’s degree in two terms, while still working a full – time job in the logistics field for my company, but I plan to attain my bachelor’s degree before I turn twenty-five. I can easily climb the cooperate ladder in my current job, especially if I can attain my degrees within a logical time period. I still have a lot to learn about the field of criminal justice, but I do have a strong focus in specializing in the Drug Enforcement agency and I do not mind learning information aside from the DEA. Patience, willingness, and a kind heart is all that will take to accomplish  my goals and succeeding within the criminal justice field.

Social Cognitive Theory free essay sample

Baptist, A. P. , Ross, J. A. , Yang, U. , Song, P. X. , Clark, N. M. (2013). A randomized controlled trial of a self-regulation intervention for older adults with asthma. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 61(5), 747-753. Doi:10. 1111/jgs. 12218 To evaluate an asthma self-regulation intervention for older adults, specifically observing the effects on asthma quality of life and asthma control. Participants were outpatients aged 65 and older with asthma who were currently taking daily medications to control their asthma. There were 70 patients enrolled. The average age was 73. 3 years old. Women made up 27% of the enrolled population. The mean number of years diagnoses with asthma was 27. 3 years. Caucasians made up 28% of the enrolled population. Randomized, double-blind, controlled trial. Patients assigned randomly to control or intervention group. Control group (n=35) participants received standard asthma education administered by a health educator. Topics included proper inhaler technique, asthma triggers, asthma control, and signs of exacerbation. Intervention group (n=35) participants received standard care and participated in a six-session program conducted over the telephone and group sessions. We will write a custom essay sample on Social Cognitive Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Participants selected an asthma-specific goal, identified problems, and addressed potential barriers. Outcomes were assessed at 1, 6, and 12 months and included the mini-Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (mAQLQ), Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ), healthcare utilization, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide level (FENO), and percentage of predicted forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1%). The mean mAQLQ score was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the control group at 1, 6, and 12 months. Higher scores indicated greater quality of life. Mean ACQ score was significantly lower at 1 month for the intervention group than the control group and was lower at the 6 and 12-month time points as well. Lower scores indicated greater asthma control. Lung function was evaluated at 6 and 12 months. No difference was seen in FENO, but predicted FEV1% favored the intervention group. There was no significant difference found for hospitalizations or ED visits between the intervention and control groups, although both favored the intervention group. For a composite healthcare utilization index (hospitalization, ED, or unscheduled visit) the intervention group had significantly fewer visits than the control. A self-regulation intervention is effective for improving asthma quality of life, asthma control, and healthcare utilization in older adults. Byrne, J. , Khunti, K. , Stone, M. , Farooqi, A. , Carr, S. (2011). Feasibility of a structured group education session to improve self-management of blood pressure in people with chronic kidney disease: An open randomized pilot trial. BMJ Open, doi:10. 1136/bmjopen-2011-000381 To test a group educational intervention called Controlling Hypertension (HTN): Education and Empowerment Renal Study (CHEERS) to improve self-management of blood pressure in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Exploring the acceptability of the intervention. Patients with early CKD and HTN. There were 81 people enrolled in the study 30% of the 267 patients approached. Random controlled trial. Patients recruited from nephrology outpatient clinic. Control group received standard clinical management of HTN. Intervention group received routine standard care plus structured CHEERS patient education intervention. Measured: recruitment, retention, patient demographics, self-efficacy, and patient satisfaction. Lack of time 48% and lack of interest 44% were the main reasons for non-participation. 37. 5% of the intervention group failed to attend. These patients were older and had lower self-efficacy. The intervention was rated enjoyable and useful by 100% of participants. None of those who attended the education sessions accessed the additional support offered. Carr, L. J. , Dunsiger, S. I. , Lewis, B. , Ciccolo, J. T. , Hartman, S. , Bock, B. , Marcus, B. H. (2013). Randomized controlled trial testing an internet physical activity intervention for sedentary adults. Health Psychology, 32(3), 328-336. doi:10. 1037/a0028962 To test the efficacy of a newly enhanced internet (EI) intervention in relation to six standard internet (SI) intervention websites that are publicly available to promote physical activity (PA), for improving PA behavior in previously sedentary adults. Healthy sedentary (achieving less than 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity per week) men and women between ages 18 and 65 years of age. 66 participants were enrolled. 25 were randomly assigned to the EI group. 28 were randomly assigned to the SI group. More than half were college educated. More than 80% reported being non-Hispanic white. Both groups used an internet website to monitor and improve physical activity. Website use, physical activity, and patient satisfaction were measured. The EI included five SCT-influenced internet features including, physical activity tracking goal-setting calendar, regular peer activity updates, ask the expert QA forum, exercise videos, and geographic mapping function. At 3 months EI participants averaged 180. 4 weekly minutes of PA compared to 46. 3 minutes by SI participants. At 6 months EI participants averaged 171. 4 weekly minutes of PA compared to 121. 8 minutes by SI participants. The EI intervention facilitated quicker increases in PA behavior than the SI comparison group. An improvement in PA behavior was associated with improvements in various SCT constructs including social support, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and self-regulation. Dorough, A. E. , Winett, R. A. , Anderson, E. S. , Davy, B. M. , Martin, E. C. , Hedrick, V. (2012). DASH to Wellness: Emphasizing Self-Regulation Through E-Health in Adults With Prehypertension. Health Psychology, doi: 10. 1037/a0030483 To assess the initial efficacy of an electronically delivered, lifestyle intervention for treating prehypertension (PHT) by increasing fruit and vegetable consumption, reducing dietary sodium through the adaption of the DASH eating plan, increasing physical activity, promoting use of home blood pressure monitoring, reducing weight, and decreasing BP thereby reducing risk of movement to stage I hypertension in middle-aged adults with PHT. 27 participants with a mean age of 54. 3, mean weight of 87. 8 kg, mean BMI of 31. 5, were 69. 5% female, 95% Caucasian, 5% Mexican American, were well educated with 52% reporting 4-year or postgraduate degrees, and 60. 8% reported a household annual income above $60,000. Participants were randomly assigned a group. The standard-of-care condition, DASH 2 wellness (D2W) only, or the intervention-treatment group, DASH 2 wellness plus (D2WP). At baseline both groups completed a 4-day food intake record and a 7-day step log. Baseline height, weight, and BMI were also recorded. This data was gathered again after the 10-week intervention. D2W group was provided the DASH eating plan guide, walking and weight program, a scale, and a pedometer. D2WP group was provided everything listed above along with an automatic blood pressure monitor, weekly electronic feedback in planning, goal setting, and tracking of intake, weight, exercise, and self-monitored blood pressure readings. D2WP had a large increase in average daily steps 2,900 vs. 636. D2WP had a larger decrease in systolic BP 15. 14 mmHg vs. 4. 61 mmHg. D2WP had a larger decrease in weight 10. 54 lbs. vs. 3. 23 lbs. Outcomes suggest the primarily electronically delivered approach was more effective than the standard of care in changing some health behaviors related to nutrition and physical activity, reducing body weight, and systolic blood pressure. All D2WP participants moved from the PHT category to a normal, even optimal BP except for one. Fjeldsoe, B. S. , Miller, Y. D. , Marshall, A. L. (2013). Social cognitive mediators of the effect of the MobileMums intervention on physical activity. Health Psychology, 32(7), 729-738. Doi: 10. 1037/a0027548 To explore whether improvements in physical activity (PA) following the MobileMums intervention were facilitated by changes in Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) constructs targeted in the intervention. Women less than 12-months postpartum were recruited from a database of women that agreed to be contacted for health-related research projects. Eligibility criteria included English comprehension, ownership of a mobile phone, engaged in less than five days per week of 30-minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, and intention to increase PA. 88 participants completed the baseline assessment and were randomized to either the intervention group, n=45, or control group, n=43. Seventy-seven percent of participants were reassessed at 6-weeks and 69% at 13-weeks. There were no meaningful or statistically significant differences between group demographic characteristics. Participants were randomly assigned to the control or intervention group. Control group participants received one face-to-face consultation with a behavioral counselor and given a PA information pack. MobileMum intervention group participants had two PA consultations with a behavioral counselor and one telephone consultation at 6-weeks. Counselor helped to set goals and plan exercise activities. Participants were also given weekly activity planning magnets to help self-monitor. Participants nominated a social support person. They also received 42 individualized phone messages providing strategies for behavior change and 11 goal check messages. Support person also received messages. Frequency of walking for exercise and the amount of moderate-to-vigorous PA was measured. Barrier self-efficacy, goal setting skills, outcome expectancy, social support, and perceived environmental opportunity were also measured. The MobileMum program increased the amount of walking for exercise and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among postnatal women. An increase in physical activity was mediated in the short-term (6-weeks), by improvements in barrier self-efficacy and goal setting skills. Social support did not significantly mediate the intervention effects on physical activity. The intervention did not have a significant impact on outcome expectancy or perceived environmental opportunities for PA. Pilutti, L. , Dlugonski, D. , Sandroff, B. , Klaren, R. , Motl, R. (2013). Randomized controlled trial of a behavioral intervention targeting symptoms and physical activity in multiple sclerosis. Multiple Sclerosis Journal, doi: 10. 1177/1352458513503391 To examine the efficacy of an internet delivered behavioral intervention for improving outcomes of fatigue, depression, anxiety, pain, sleep quality, and health related quality of life (HRQOL) in ambulatory persons with MS. This intervention has previously been tested to increase lifestyle physical activity among persons with MS. The second aim of this study is to replicate those results regarding change in physical activity. Sample consisted of 82 participants who were randomized into a control group, n=41, and an intervention group, n=41. Participant inclusion criteria: 18-64 years, diagnosis of MS, relapse-free for the past 30-days, internet access, ability to walk with or without an assistive device, physician approval, not maintaining 30 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity a day for more than 2 days. Sample was primarily female (76%). The level of disability of the sample was moderate and most participants (74%) did not use an assistive device. There were no statistically significant differences between groups in demographic or clinical characteristics, physical activity, or symptomatic and HRQOL outcomes pre-trial. Random controlled trial. The intervention group was provided a study website with information about becoming more physically active based on principles of SCT, self-monitoring, and goal-setting using a pedometer and activity logs, and one-on-one video coaching sessions for 6 months. Data measures included physical activity, fatigue, depression, anxiety, pain, quality of sleep, HRQOL, and disability. These measures were recorded at baseline and 6 months post intervention. Participants in the intervention group participated in significantly more self-reported physical activity compared to control group. They also spent more time in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity compared to the control group although not a significant difference. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were significantly lower in the intervention group. There was a favorable effects of the intervention on symptoms of pain and sleep quality post-intervention. Participants in the intervention group reported greater quality of life compared to control participants, although this difference did not reach statistical significance. Overall, it can be confirmed that a lifestyle intervention delivered through the internet can be effective for increasing everyday physical activity in persons with MS, and this had a positive effect on symptomatic outcomes. Amaya, M. , Petosa, R. (2012). An evaluation of a worksite exercise intervention using the social cognitive theory: A pilot study. Health Education Journal, 71(2), 133-143. Doi: 10. 1177/0017896911409731 To increase exercise adherence among insufficiently active adult employees. Employees (n=127) who did not meet current American College of Sports Medicine recommendations for exercise. Majority of subjects were female (83%). A majority of subjects had obtained a bachelor’s or post bachelor’s degree (61%). Nearly all subjects were married (77%). A majority of the study sample was Caucasian (84%). A quasi-experimental separate samples pre-test-post-test group design was used to compare treatment and comparison group. Intervention: An eight-week educational program targeting the social cognitive theory constructs. There were 6 one-hour classroom-based sessions and multiple meetings with a trainer. The intervention taught subjects self-regulation skills, including focusing on self-monitoring, goal setting, and time management. Taught self-efficacy skills, overcoming barriers and exercise preferences. Taught social support for exercise, outcome expectations and expectancies, reasons to exercise and its value. Measures: free-living exercise, self-regulation, self-efficacy, social support, and outcome expectations and expectancies. Measurements were taken at pre-test, post-test, one month and three months post-intervention. There was a significant difference between groups for moderate intensity exercise and vigorous intensity exercise at post-test and follow-up. There was a significant difference between groups for self-regulation at post-test and follow-up. There was not a significant difference between groups for self-efficacy or outcome expectancies. Family and friend social support group differences were non-significant at post-test and at one-month follow-up, but were significant at three-month follow-up. The educational intervention was effective in increasing the exercise rates of employees at the worksite. Social Cognitive Theory Framework Paper Framework Description, Components, and Synthesis Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) emerged primarily from the work of Albert Bandura. Social cognitive theory is a learning theory based on the idea that people learn by observing others. The theory is an expansion of the Social Learning Theory (SLT) originally proposed by Neal Miller and John Dollard and later expanded by Bandura himself. Social Learning Theory theorizes that people learn new behaviors by observing others, imitating their behavior, and then being reinforced by the observed outcomes. Bandura’s SCT differs from SLT by its emphasis on the role of self-efficacy and the concept of reciprocal triadic causation. Self-efficacy is a person’s confidence and desire to perform a behavior. It reflects not only a person’s actual know-how to perform a behavior, but also their skepticism or willingness in performing the behavior. Behavior is theorized in SCT to occur in a social context and influenced by the active shared interaction between the person, environment, and behavior, the reciprocal triadic causation. Never is a behavior not influence by all three. There are five key concepts that make up the Social Cognitive Theory, those concepts are knowledge, perceived self-efficacy, outcome expectation, goal formation, and sociostructural factors. Knowledge is often the starting point for most health promotion programs. Many people will obtain knowledge through observation, verbal or written description, video or audio recordings, and other forms of knowledge delivery (DiClemente, 2013). The DARE program is a good example of a program that delivers knowledge to kids about the risks of alcohol and drugs to hopefully prevent their use and abuse. However, behavior change after obtaining knowledge is often dependent on four inner-related processes involving attention, retention, production, and motivation. Regardless of having the knowledge there must be underlining drives to commit to a behavior change. Building off the last example if a kid were to be a valued member of a sports team they may be move motivated to abstain from alcohol and drugs to avoid a decline in performance. Since knowledge alone may not initiate a behavior change all of the study articles listed above provided education for all participants at baseline. The Baptist study provided asthma education on how to administer medication, asthma triggers, control, and signs of exacerbation. The Pilutti study provided online material on becoming more physically active and healthy. Perceived self-efficacy can be explained as a person’s inner confidence in performing a task. This inner confidence has been influenced by past performances, the observation and verbal persuasion of others, and their physiological state (Bandura, 2004). Low self-efficacy can be caused by fear and can defeat any effort to perform a given task. Having a high level of self-efficacy will increase a person’s initiation and drive for a particular task. There are four methods to improve self-efficacy; learn to reduce the fear and other negative emotions that may be associated with the task, verbal persuasion, watch others perform the task successfully, and be physically guided or coached through the task (DiClemente, 2013). Many of these methods were used in the study articles listed above. By providing education, participant knowledge is increased, which helps to improve self-efficacy. The Carr study provided online exercise videos. In the Fjeldsoe study participants were assigned a counselor and a support person to provide encouragement. Participants in the Amaya study met for one-hour classroom sessions and had group discussions discussing fears, barriers, and exercise technique. Outcome expectations are individual beliefs about what consequences are most likely to occur if a particular behavior is performed. People anticipate the consequences of their actions before engaging in a behavior, and these anticipated consequences could influence the successful completion of the behavior (Bandura, 2004). The benefit of the behavior is the driving force for action. Educators, trainers, and counselors work well to help people recognize the possible positive outcomes. The Baptist, Amaya, and Fjeldsoe studies all used a person as part of their intervention to help participants visualize the possible outcomes of their efforts. Outcome expectations can also include negative perceptions or costs. For example a person thinking about going back to school may see the benefit in an advanced degree and pay raise or the negative outcome of tuition costs and time spent. Goal setting is an important aspect of SCT. Setting small achievable goals that progress to the final goal is an effective way to keep focused and maintain spirit throughout the process. With the attainment of small sub goals self-efficacy perceptions are likely to increase and the experience of positive outcomes will increase and improve change efforts (DiClemente, 2013). Further, goals are an important prerequisite for self-regulation because they provide objectives to strive towards and are levels against which to judge progress (Bandura, 2004). Participants of the Fjeldsoe study carried mobile devices that monitored progress and sent individualized messages with strategies to meet goals. Those participants also receive goal check messages and depending on participant responses they either received more advice or applause and encouragement to keep up the good work. Lastly, sociostructural factors are important as they can strongly impact self-efficacy and consequently behavior. Sociostructural factors are any actual or perceived external factor that influences for better or for worse the likelihood of a behavior (DiClemente, 2013). For example, a positive sociostructural factor for an individual trying to loose weight and eat healthy would be a number of local gym options. A negative factor may be the lack of grocery stores that offer organic food options. The Carr study, which investigated the effectiveness of an Internet site to improve physical activity, had a geographic mapping function to help participants locate resources and plan outdoor activity. Major Research and Practice Areas Based on the journal articles above much of the research is on the effectiveness of interventions that target the patient SCT constructs to improve illness management and physical activity. These interventions mostly focus on all five of the SCT concepts. The programs typically provided education, group, online, technical, and personal support, help with goal formation and strategic planning, and also coaching and counseling. The research is looking for interventions to improve self-management, quality of life, and the increase of health promoting behaviors such as blood pressure monitoring, eating healthy, and being physical activity. Social Cognitive Theory interventions can be used in practice to improve the management of chronic illnesses such as asthma, chronic kidney disease, and hypertension. It can be used to improve health-promoting behaviors such as increasing exercise, dieting and weight loss, and monitoring blood pressure or blood sugars. Framework Population The populations of the studies found above using SCT involved older adults over the age of 65, patients with multiple diagnoses, adults with borderline diagnoses, sedentary adults, postpartum women, and adults managing disability related to an illness. All of the listed populations are at risk for low levels of self-efficacy, which can inhibit change. Therefore, these populations may require extra support and motivation, which can be provided by interventions using SCT to support change. Framework and Risk Factor In the Dorough study the population of focus was adults with prehypertension and their risk factor was physical inactivity and poor diet and nutrition. The study aimed to use an intervention influenced by SCT to promote physical activity and reduce hypertension. Features of the intervention that were SCT based were the nutrition and exercise education, the nutrition guide an outlined exercise program, and lastly the electronic resource provided for logging progress, goal setting, and goal attainment advice. The results of the intervention included a significant increase in daily steps, decrease in blood pressure, and weight loss. All but one participant moved from prehypertension to normal even optimal blood pressure. Application of Framework Stroke survivors can have a low perceived level of self-efficacy and this puts them at an increased risk for not meeting their rehabilitation goals for recovery. Stroke survivors want to return to the varied roles they had before their stroke. However, commonly these survivors become victim to themselves as they begin to lose interest, become unmotivated, and become difficult to get going. Depression and apathy are common consequences of stroke with the sudden loss of independence and self-reliance. An intervention that aims to change patient SCT constructs to improve physical activity in rehab may work to improve the patient’s self-efficacy and their progression in rehabilitation. The desired outcome is increased participation in physical rehabilitation. The factor that is limiting that outcome is the patient’s low level of perceived self-efficacy. One study revealed that the functional level at 6 months post stroke could predict long-term survival and disability (Jones, 2010). Therefore, an intervention that promotes a positive spirit, provides support, and creates an environment that facilitates goal attainment is absolutely necessary for these patients to increase their functional ability and decrease their level of dependency, which is of utmost importance. An ideal SCT intervention for this population would begin with an educational session on stroke covering topics such as common side effects, medications, needs and goals of rehabilitation. The recovery process is long and therefore multiple small goals should be set weekly to help maintain motivation and recognize progression however small. Therapy should be conducted in groups to allow patients to motivate each other, witness each other’s progression, and support one another through the recovery process. Nurses, and physical, speech, and occupational therapist should help the patients monitor and log their progress, coach exercises, and motivate. To measure the effectiveness of the program therapy participations may be measure based on time, patient exertion and attitude. The level of self-efficacy before and after would be a good measure along with patient’s outlook on current progression and further progress.

Mentoring Research Paper

Mentoring Research Paper The Rational Criteria for Success Mentorship is a personal developmental relationship between two individuals where one individual usually the mentor, offers guidance and advice through training, counseling and coaching to another individual who is usually less experienced and knowledgeable the mentee (Brounstein, 2000). The process of mentorship is continuous and involves the exchange of information between the mentor and mentee all in an effort to equip an individual with the capacity to perform better at his or her job or progress in her/his career. A good mentor knows where to start and has a deep understanding of the problem at hand based on his or her past experiences and the wealth of knowledge he has (Eigenmann, 2001). A good case scenario will be an individual who has been kicked out of university for failing to pass his university examination and failing twice. The most important question that a mentor asks is what is the problem? Could it be that the individual is not interested, is there an underlying problem like problems at home, peer pressure etc. The reason could be a combination of any of these factors or a single one of them. The role of a mentor is to offer relevant, practical advice and critical support to the mentee in order for him to overcome the problem (Fletcher, 2000). A good mentor sets a road map which consists of small and achievable targets that can be easily evaluated for progress and advice given (Harrington, Terry, 2008). The mentor has to predetermine the standards and benchmarks against which he or she evaluates for objectives achievement and effectiveness of the advice given. Again key performance indicators are predetermined and reevaluated every time the mentor feels that the mentee has achieved the set targets. A good success and rational criteria for evaluation consists of performance indicators, predetermined standards by which to assess whether objectives have been met and an array of benchmarks as a measure of effectiveness. Some of key performance indicators include: personal satisfaction by the mentee with what he has achieved, good academic performance, mentee starts to have future plans with his school work and career, engages the knowledge gained from school in real life situations, develops interest in his field and is aware of the current developments in his field of study. The effectiveness of the intervention will be evaluated by use of certain benchmarks that include: Self esteem of the mentee, his confidence levels, self perception of mentee, his perception towards school and his studies etc. In this case the benchmark will be an individual who has the capacity to talk to any person at any time with confidence and without fear. This individual has start up a conversation with anyone anytime is influential to other people. Objectives that are achievable can be set e.g. to enroll for a degree program he likes, to perform well during in his academics, to enroll in a university that is affordable, to improve self esteem and confidence, . Standards set will basically be evaluating whether this has been achieved. It is critical that all these key indicators, benchmarks and objectives be set because they form the framework for the evaluation of progress of the mentee and indicate when a next decision is to be made (Clutterbuck, Meginson, 2005). A report on Mentorship Process As any mentor worth his salt will tell you, you have to know the etiology of the problem before any form of action is taken. This kind of information is obtained from the mentee through a series of questions that may span several weeks or just in a single session aimed at making the mentee open up (Colley, 2003). In this case, a pre-existing good relationship between the mentor and the mentee was of great value as the mentee was comfortable with sharing information that he considered very personal. The mentor sought to know what the mentee thought was the cause of his inability to perform well in school that resulted in his expulsion from the school. The mentee cited a major lack of interest, too much work, unfriendly lecturers, and inability to adapt to the environment. The mentee sought to know whether there was any other problem by asking questions on family background, peer pressure and drug use. The mentee stated that the family was supportive of him and were never a problem. He also mentioned that he had never used drugs but had a problem with some of his peers. He mentioned that the peers looked down upon him for his poor performance in school and eventual expulsion from school. This made him find it very difficult to make friends in school and this frustrated him further. He felt that he was so stupid and lacked the ability to even face them especially in the school. This led to his continuous deterioration and poor performance. This continued poor performance and deterioration resulted in the loss of self esteem and confidence. It was by now clear what was ailing the mentee. The mentor then asks if he would like to go back to school, and what was his attitude towards school was. The mentee was affirmative that he wanted to go back to school. He also mentioned that he felt school wasn’t the place to be, but thought that he had no choice. That he just had to go to school because everyone around him expected him to and he did not want to let them d own. This was good progress for the first session. The mentor then sought to know what the mentee’s interests, talents, passion were. The mentee’s main interest was in nursing thought he mentioned that he also loves listening to music and swimming. The mentor sought to know whether if the mentee was a given a chance today join a university and start a fresh would he do it ? The mentee was reluctant to join the university but thought he might as well just do it. He was asked then if nursing was his preferred choice degree or if he had any other degree he would enroll in. The mentee mentioned that nursing was the only degree he thought that his brain could handle and that he has always been interested since his childhood to become a nurse. Then the mentor sought to know why he took another career direction. The Mentee mentioned that his parents insisted that he do a computer science course so that he could take over the parents business which was computer related. At this point he mentor noted a lack of support from the p arents of the mentee and an unwillingness to support the mentee achieve his dream of becoming a nurse. The mentor made arrangements to meet the mentees parents and give advice that would be in the interest of the mentee. The session ended after a period of one and a half hours with an agreement to search for universities that offered nursing, were affordable, gave awards or scholarships to students who perform well all in an effort to minimize the cost of education. The next meeting was scheduled for the next weekend and with the mentee’s parents present. On the next weekend, the mentee arrived in company of his parents and made a formal introduction. I informed the parents of the problem that their son had and gave them ample time to express their feelings in response. The mentee’s mother was moved by the son’s problem and mentioned that she was not aware that the son’s poor performance was related to being forced to take a degree program that he had no interest in and was under intense pressure to perform. The mentee’s father claimed that the mentee was his only son and was looking at who will take care of the family business when he can no longer be in charge. The mentor acknowledged these responses and informed the parents that their son lost his confidence and self esteem as a result of the poor performance he had in school and the challenges he faced arising from his peers who looked down upon him for failure to perform well in school and also being expelled from school. The mentor went ahead to infor m them that the only way their son could perform well in school and essentially recover his self esteem and confidence , was if he was allowed to make his choice regarding his career path and took a degree in something he had an interest in and allowed to pursue it. The mentee’s mother supported the idea and promised to support the son in whatever he chooses to do. The father was a bit skeptical but felt that he would support him any way, if whatever he chooses to do made him happy. The mentor then informed the parents that their son (mentee), was interested in becoming a nurse and that he has always wanted to become a nurse. The parents were happy to hear that and promised to support him in the best way possible. Although the parents supported the mentee, the father of the mentee was a bit reluctant and requested to be given time to think about it. The mentor agreed to his request but informed them that there was an objective set to identify a university that offered nursing degree and scholarships that may aid in the fee payment. The parents had no problem with that and the mentee was also happy for once his parents were going to allow him to do a degree course on something that he liked. The next meeting with the mentee was set for the next week and the mentee given the week to look for the most appropriate university. During the following weekend, the mentee arrived and was in a positive mood. The mentor could feel the energy in the mentee’s voice. He was walking straight and was generally happy. The mentor was concerned, why the sudden change. The mentee mentioned that he had identified a university that was willing to admit him to a nursing course. He went further to state that they could not offer him a scholarship but if he performed well in his studies, then he may be lucky to be awarded an annual fee waiver for being the best student. He also mentioned that he feared that the father might not support his decision but that morning he actually gave him his full support. The idea of breaking down large tasks into small tasks with easily achievable goals and objectives set, is a very useful approach of tackling large issues that may appear insurmountable (Hay, 1995). The mentor noted a positive change in the mentee’s self esteem and attitude. The mentor sought to know when the ment ee was going to start school. The mentee mentioned that in fact he was starting the next week and couldn’t wait. The mentor wanted to know if he was anxious and how he felt about being in school again. The mentee mentioned that he was happy to be able to go back to school but feared that there was going to be a repeat of what had happened previously. He feared that he may be unable to perform well resulting in his expulsion and or stigmatization by peers for poor performance. The mentor noted a need to assist improve the mentees attitude towards school and eliminate the performance anxiety. The mentor then asked if there any other problems that the mentee feared might arise with him being back in school. The mentee was optimistic that he may be okay and that he will know when he joins the school. At least by now the objectives to identify a suitable university and enrolling for the nursing program had been achieved and this gave a sense of satisfaction to both the mentor and the mentee. The mentor was concerned with the mentees anxiety and his self esteem and confidence levels. They were still rather low. He issued the mentee with a note book and told him to note down anything he f elt while at school, in class, interacting with other colleagues, anything he saw that reminded him of this past experience, how he felt to be in a learning institution, how he felt about the teachers. At this point addressing the mentees self esteem and confidence problem was of great importance. It would be the key to unlocking all his potential and recovering all his lost confidence, personality, self esteem and purpose in life. This session was not as long as the previous two it lasted an hour and the mentee was out to go and prepare for school. After a week in school, the next meeting the mentee had a lot of mixed reactions. The mentee was glad that he had met people who did not brush him of. He mentioned that although he felt that the new people were friendly towards him, he still feared a lot speaking out his mind and also feared that they were going to judge him. He mentioned that the university has also established a mentorship program and anyone was free to join. He mentioned that some teachers were a bit intimidating and that he was not sure how he felt about them. He was however happy that he was finally doing something that he has always wanted to do and that he was finally going to make his dream a reality. The mentor noted that major invention was needed to be able to mitigate the anxiety that the mentee had and also to help him start to regain his confidence and self esteem. Confidence and self esteem are interrelated an increase in one often results in a concurrent increase in the other. Measures taken in order to increase one will often result in a concomitant increase in the other (Fanning, McKay, 2000). The mentor suggested a series of actions that were practical to the mentee and would yield the kind of self esteem and confidence that the mentee aspired to have. The mentor asked the mentee to list all the good qualities he possesses, abilities and talents. This activity took about ten minutes and the mentee was surprised that he could do so much. He realized that he could indeed do a lot and wondered why he often thought he was useless, stupid and lacked the ability to perform anything well. This mentor noted was the beginning of self realization and actualization of the mentee. The next task was to find out the activities among his list that he enjoyed doing or participating in. The mentee indentified nursing, swimming as the key activities that he loves participating in. The mentor then advised that the mentee be very enthusiastic about this activities and speak out in any forum that he can get. This was going to give him an opportunity to speak and be heard and because this are activities that he finds pleasure in doing he will most of the time find that people will listen to him because of the passion that he has and in the process his confidence and self esteem will rise. In time he will be able to speak to people on other aspects without fear. The mentor set targets for the mentee for the next week at school. The mentee was to participate in as many activities of the school that related to nursing and swimming. During these activities, he was to take an active role and in the process talk to five people about the event. The next activity was to identif y a role model that he had. The mentee had no role model. Then the mentor sought to know whether the mentee had any particular teacher at the university who had achieved something that he had always wanted or any particular nurse that he knows that he admires for the work that she does. The mentee could only remember of one nurse who had treated his dad while at hospital. The mentor advised the mentee that he could take that nurse to be his role model. The role model is a figure that he mentee looks at when evaluating his progress and the role model inspires him in his quest to become a nurse. This inspiration derived from the role model increases his confidence. The mentor felt that that was enough to work on for three weeks consecutively. This session was the longest so fat because it sought to find ways of increasing the mentee’s self esteem and confidence. The following weekend the mentee reported quite a few things that he felt, liked and disliked. The mentee found it difficult to face people and to talk to them. He gathered confidence to go talk to someone but felt worried that the person he was talking to was going to judge him. He kept trying and did not give up. He managed to speak to seven people on each event. He felt that some people were harsh to him and that really scared him. There were those that were friendly and were really interested in what he had to say. There are others who were indifferent. To begin with the mentor noted that the mentee had surpassed the target. He was also happy that the mentee was making an effort to improve. The mentor advised the mentee to be confident even when he did not feel like and that he should act in a confident manner. He can start by looking into the eyes of the people he is talking to, talking clearly and coherently and having an upright posture. The mentor went further and advised the mentee to take care of himself and to try and look good by eating healthy and correct exercise. This has an effect of putting an individual in a positive mind frame and boost’s his confidence. The mentee was also to be assertive while speaking. He should know what he wants to say and say it with confidence and people will listen. The mentee’s targets were reviewed and the forthcoming week he was to engage in the same activities but this time he was to speak to at least twenty people. He was to be confident and assertive while he spoke. He was also to identify other activities that he could participate in. He was also to start talking to his classmates concerning the course the teachers the new environment. The following session the mentee reported that he had better responses from the people that he talked to. He realized the importance of talking with confidence and being assertive. Speaking with confidence, being assertive and looking directly into the eye of the person you are talking to increases the overall appearance of the person talking and in most instances the listener is inclined to listen to the person talking (Hermann, 2004). The mentee stated that this time he had spoken to more than thirty people and was somehow happy with his progress. He felt that he was beginning to recover the old self that he used to be before he lost it all. At this point the mentee was still far from being the person who was confident and could start conversations with anyone and any person without fear. The intervention procedures were fruitful but it took time for the mentee to start showing positive growth. The mentor sought to know in general how he felt after talking with the people, were peo ple who scared him, was he facing any challenges, while interacting with new people, did he meet some people that he had talked to previously, and how different was the feeling of talking to a new person from that of talking to someone he met previously. The mentor also sought to know if he had made any friends in his class and how were they relating to him. The mentee stated that he was a bit scared initially as the crowds were large and with lots of activity going on, but when he saw how people were chatting and just dived in. He also started chatting not caring what anyone was going to say about him and that is what helped him beat the preset target of twenty people to chat with. He was happy that many people were good to him and paid attention to him as he spoke. The mentee was thrilled by the fact that some of the people that he had met in the previous week were happy to meet him again and were even inquiring on how his week has been and showed genuine interest in him. This really made him look forward to the university events. He noted that the more he talked he easier it became. When it came to his class work the mentee was a bit skeptical. He wasn’t sure what he felt and thought that it was mainly because of the setting in the class and the seriousness inside. The teachers were serious with what they were doing and it was difficult to find context of interacting. The classmates were social but he still feared what they would say about him. The Mentor reminded the mentee the importance of being assertive and talking to whoever he wanted with confidence. The mentor was satisfied with the progress of the mentee and went ahead and broadened the scope of the targets. This time the mentee was to engage in two activities that provided a forum for interaction. One of the activities was to be related directly to his academics and the other was to be a an ongoing session that would expose him to a totally new experience. Interestingly, the sessions were becoming more interesting with the mentee doing most of the speaking as the mentor did the evaluations and made new targets. The weekend that followed the mentee had a lot to say. Firstly he was very happy with his progress. One of the activities that he had joined was a nursing student’s mentorship program run by the faculty in an effort to mentor new students into the nursing profession. During this forum students were allowed to express their feelings about the course, they were to speak freely and exchange ideas as relates to the profession and the faculty. He was surprised that there were people who were finding it hard to adjust to the environment and that they needed guidance. They were all advised accordingly and for the first time he felt free to talk to his peers. He realized that they all faced similar problems. The mentee also joined a dance class. This was the second activity that was not related to his course. On that day he was assigned a dance partner who was a lady and was very friendly. In fact after the dance the lady took him around the campus and they shared a lot. The mentee fe lt that he had connected with a woman something that has never happened in his life. He actually considered it to be an important milestone in his life. The mentor was pleased with the mentees progress especially with the new girl in the picture. The mentor advised the mentee to continue being confident and assertive. He should speak out his mind and fear no one as he was entitled to his own opinion. This time the mentor gave the mentee more challenging targets. He was to engage in at least five different activities and interact, speak out his mind and make at least twenty friend s from each event. The mentee mentioned that there were many assignments that had been given by the different teachers and a forthcoming CAT (Continuous Assessment Test). He would find it hard to achieve all that. The mentor gave him three weeks and advised him that he had to plan his time well and be organized. He was to read hard and consult the teacher where he had difficulty. He was to prepare for the CAT and do the assignments with the utmost seriousness that was required. After the three weeks the mentee came in full of energy. He was so enthusiastic with his studies and was happy with his progress. He reported that the teacher scored the CAT that they had done and was the third best student. He was very happy about this performance. He could not believe that this was happening. He was also very happy that he was now able to interact with new people without fearing and was happy that they took him seriously. The mentee mentioned something about the girls that he had met. He was happy that the girl told him that she likes him because of his confidence. He had made other friends in the dance classes that he noticed that his girl did not like it. This to him was a very powerful thing, he could not believe that he had done it. He also mentioned that he had realized that the teachers were friendly unlike what he thought. From the many sessions that he had attended of the nursing students group, he made new friends who took him seriously and some thought he was great especially that he had a woman at freshman and was performing well in class. Having a session of peers and sharing information significantly improves the adaptability of a person and performance as these forums are highly educative and beneficial to the students who attend them (Roger, Susan, Trembley, Paul, 2003). The mentor noticed that the mentee was finally achieving the major objective and sole goal of recovering his confidence and self esteem. The mentee also mentioned that he had attended two parties. One organized by the nursing faculty for its freshmen and another organized by friends of his girlfriend. He noted that in both he made so many friends and now realizes that he has so many friends in campus. This was an indication that the mentee had performed well, he had succeeded in meeting our targets and primary objective which was to improve the self esteem and confidence of the mentee. The benchmark in this case was an individual who had the ability to approach anyone in campus and initiate a conversation leaving a lasting impression. The mentor’s intervention technique was effective as the mentee was able to recover his confidence and self esteem. The mentee was later in the semester selected for position of a student leader in the university. This opened up his world and was now in direct contact with so many people and was this further strengthened his confidence and self esteem. He performed well in his studies and won an scholarship for the next academic year. The parents of the mentee were forever grateful to the mentor for his role in enabling their son recover his confidence and self esteem and for the good performance that the mentee achieved to the extent of being warded with a scholarship. In conclusion mentorship is a powerful tool that can be employed by an individual or an organization such that they are able to inspire, guide their employees to perform better at work and even take career growth opportunities that arise within the organization (Hay, 1995).

Ethical Debate on Assisted Suicide Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

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Methodology - Essay Example The research undertakes a mix of qualitative and quantitative aspects of study in order to arrive at desired observations. The questionnaire is circulated online to access a wide range of responses. Additionally, few open ended questions allow for greater knowledge on certain areas of study through the questionnaire format. The study has also undertaken a telephonic interview apart from the secondary data research to support quantitative facts by reliable and verifiable information sourced from the interview and qualitative research. According to Tobin and Joseph, (2006), research philosophy is the manner in which one gathers, organizes and analyses the data for the purpose of researching a particular problem. The common research philosophy has two main principals associated which are known as the positivist philosophical process and the interpretivism or the phenomenological style. Both the models are effective tools for carrying out the research activity but the difference arises in the objectivity of the model. According to the positivist approach, theory is established prior to conducting the research activity. The positivist research can be carried out in a two pronged approach, the descriptive research and the experimental research. The research model based on the positivist approach is primarily focused upon bringing together an analysis of the dependency of the external factors and the internal factors of the research. Philosophically, the positivist research method is based on ontological and axiological perspectives of a research problem. The phenomenological model of interpretivism was developed by Edmund Husserl and is the way of research that conducts the research in a manner that is influenced by human perceptions (Somekh and Lewin, 2004). The particular model of research lays focus on the micro level sociological issues like the prime motives behind the behaviour of people. Such